How to Play Craps

Craps Lessons & Practice

Last update: April 2022

Quick summary

1. Craps is the dice game played on the huge table.
2. It's one of the best bets in the casino.
3. Make only the Pass Line and Odds bets, to have the best chances of winning.
4. The minimum bet at most Strip casinos is $15, though it's $25 at some.  The only $5 game downtown is at the Downtown Grand. (Vegas Advantage) The average loss per hour for pass line bets is $3 at $5/round, $9 at $15/round, and $15 and $25/round.
5. Digital craps games with a single dealer offer much lower table minimums than regular tables with four dealers.
6. Some electronic craps games (no dealer) pay way worse than the real tables do. (source) 

What's great about it?

There's no more exciting game in the casino than craps.  That's because up to sixteen players are betting on the same roll of the dice, so when there's a winning roll, the cheers are loud and the camaraderie is palpable.  Sure, there's some shared fate in other table games like blackjack, but it's just not the same as in craps.  And slots can't compare at all.

Craps also offers some of the best chances of winning among all casino games, with a house edge on the main bet of only 1.41%.  That's four times better than double-zero roulette, and several times better than most slot machines.  And it means you stand to get back 98.6% of every dollar bet, on average.  And once you learn the Odds bet, you can take the house edge down to a mere 0.4%.  In the casino, it just doesn't get better than that.

Finally, craps is the only game where the players get to create the outcome, by physically rolling the dice.  The players themselves determine whether they win or lose.  In other table games someone else is dealing you the cards or spinning the little marble.  But in craps you (or your fellow players) are responsible for your own fate.

How much does it cost?

The minimum bet at most casinos on the Vegas strip is at least $10, and as much as $25 at the tonier casinos.  The cheapest available in Vegas is $5.  (See a list of table minimums by casino.)  Expect to lose an average of $6 an hour when making $10 Pass Line bets.  (More on the Pass Line below.)  See my Average Loss Calculator to calculate your losses for various conditions.

In February 2021 the Harrah's casino on the strip introduced a live digital craps game.  It uses a standard size table and real dice, but the table felt has been replaced with a huge computer screen, and each player makes his/her bets on a personal computer screen rather than with chips.  What this means for you as a player is lower table minimums.  The game costs less for the casino to run (only one dealer instead of four), so the minimum bet at Harrah's is $10, versus $25 for the traditional game. (more on digital craps)  There's also a digital version nicknamed "Bubble Craps", which is played on a smaller, circular table, uses captive dice, and has no dealer.

Practice craps with fake money at Bovada

No popups, no download, no registration, no B.S., just the game. One click and you're in.

The various bets you can make

There are so many different bets  in craps that covering them all would take a small book.  The good news is that you need to know only one or two easy bets, because the rest are sucker bets anyway.  Below you'll learn about the Pass and Odds bets, which are all you need to know.

Once you've learned these bets you can practice online for free or small stakes at Bovada.

Okay, enough intro, let's see how to play.

Rolling the Dice

Each player takes turns rolling the dice.  The player who's rolling is called the shooter.   Everyone bets on the the same roll of the dice, whether they're the shooter or not.  The shooter keeps rolling until he "sevens out" (rolls a losing seven), and then the next player gets to roll.

A complete round in craps can last just one roll or a whole bunch of rolls, depending on what's rolled.  The first roll of a round is called a Come-Out Roll.  If you get confused, just wait for the next Come-Out Roll, and everything will start over.  When a Come-Out roll is about to happen the dealer will flip the little hockey puck on the table to read "OFF", and s/he'll say, "Coming out!"  At that point you can be confident that a new round is starting.

Pass Line Bet

The basic bet is in craps is the Pass Line bet and it pays even money.  (Bet $10, win $10.)  Make this bet by waiting for the Come-Out Roll (hockey puck set to "OFF"), and then putting your chip(s) on the area of the table marked "Pass Line".

Now we're ready to roll!  The shooter rolls the Come-Out Roll, and it's always the total of the two dice that counts.  Here's what happens based on the total rolled:

• 7 or 11:  You win.
• 2, 3, or 12 ("craps"):  You lose.
• Any other number: (4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10):  Go to the bonus round

No one calls it a bonus round but me—that just makes it easy to understand.

The number that was rolled to get to the bonus round is called the Point, and a marker is placed on that number.  Find the marker in the picture above, to the left of the word "Bovada" near the top.  The marker is set to "ON", meaning that somebody already rolled and we're in the bonus round.  And because the marker is on the 4, that means the shooter rolled a 4 to get us into the bonus round.

In the bonus round the game changes and you have another chance to win or lose, based on the total of what's rolled:

• The Point:  You win.
• 7:  You lose.
• Any other number:  Irrelevant, roll again.

Notice that on the come-out roll seven makes you win, but in the bonus round seven makes you lose.  This is confusing to newcomers, and that's why it's important to know where you are in the round.  On the first roll, 7 isin good.  But  the bonus round, 7 is bad.

Remember:  In the bonus round you win if the Point is rolled again, and you lose if a seven is rolled.  All other numbers are irrelevant.  If any other total is rolled, you ignore it and the shooter keeps rolling.

When a seven is rolled before the point, causing you to lose, that's called sevening out.  When a shooter sevens out the dice pass to the next shooter.

Putting both the come-out roll and the bonus round together here's how the pass line bet works:

Still confused? Then here's a sample game. Assume you place another Pass Line bet every time you win or lose.

	4	5	6	8	9	10

 

Click the button to start.

Once a Point has been made, dice totals other than 7 are called numbers.  When a shooter is "throwing numbers", that means s/he's making lots of throws without hitting the 7.  Other players are probably betting on some of those numbers and are happy about winning.  We also say that such a lucky shooter is "on a roll".  Yeah, that's where that phrase comes from.

The Odds Bet

A very special bet in craps is the Odds Bet, which has zero house edge!  The catch is that you have to make a Pass Line bet first, so you don't get to play craps with no house edge at all.  Still, the Odds bet dilutes the house edge of the Pass Line bet.  But first let's see how to make an Odds bet.

You can make an Odds bet only after a Point has been made.  After a Point has been made, place your Odds Bet below your Pass Line bet.  (That is, due South of your Pass Line bet, not vertically under it.)  The Odds bet is tied to the Pass Line:  if you win your Pass Line bet, you win the Odds bet too.  If you lose the Pass Line, you lose both bets.

The payout on the Odds Bet varies depending on how hard it is to hit the point.  For example, there are only four ways to roll a 10, but six ways to roll an 8, so you get a bigger payout for hitting a point of 10.  Here are the payouts depending on the point:

How much you can wager on Odds bets

Since the Odds Bet carries no house edge, the casino limits how much you can bet on it.  These limits vary from casino to casino.  Here are the common limits:

• Single Odds.  Your Odds Bet can be as much as your Pass Line bet.  All casinos offer at least this much.
• Double Odds.  Your Odds Bet can be twice as much as your Pass Line bet.
• Full Double Odds.  Same as Double Odds, but if the point is 6 or 8, you can bet 2.5x as much as your Pass Line bet.
• 3-4-5 Odds.  This is the most common.  You can bet 3x on a point of 4 or 10, 4x on a point of 5 or 9, and 5x on a point of 6 or 8.  No matter what point you bet on, your payout for a winning Pass Line + Odds bet will be 6x the Pass Line bet.  This makes it easier for the dealers to figure the payouts.
• Even higher odds.  Some casinos offer 5x, 10x odds, and some have gone as high as 100x odds.

Vegas casinos are getting stingier with the odds over time.  Casino Royale used to offer an amazing 100x odds, but then they removed all their table games.  The last time I checked (March 2022), there was exactly one one strip casino with better than 3-4-5 odds (which is Strat, with 10x odds).

Maximizing the Odds

Since there's no house edge on the Odds bet, you want to bet as little as possible on the Pass Line and as much as possible on the odds.  For example, say you're budgeted to bet $25 per round.  In that case:

• The wrong way:  $25 on the Pass Line
• The right way:  $10 on the Pass Line, $15 on the Odds

That slashes your average loss:

• $25 on the Pass Line x 1.41% house edge = $0.35 average loss.
• $10 on the Pass Line x 1.41% + $15 x 0% = $0.14 average loss.

Thirty-five and fourteen cents might not seem like a big loss, but that's just for one round.  When you're playing for hours, it adds up.  Figure about 43 Pass Line bets per hour, though you can use my Average Loss Calculator to do the heavy lifting.

Here's the house edge on combined Pass Line bets plus the Odds bet, depending on the Odds limit offered by the casino, courtesy of the Wizard of Odds.

An example session

Here's a sample session to see how it works with the odds bet.

Craps Superstitions

Many craps players are superstitious, so you have to avoid doing anything they think is bad luck, otherwise they'll get mad at you and blame you if they start losing.  Here's what to watch out for:

• Never say the word "seven" once a Point has been made.  Crappers think that saying "seven" somehow makes it more likely that a seven will be thrown.  They commonly refer to seven simply as "it".
• Don't hit anyone's money with the dice when you roll.  Craps players think this will induce a seven and kill any points that have been set.
• If you're a man and you've never played before, don't mention that fact.  New male craps players are supposedly unlucky and are expected to seven-out quickly.
• On the other hand, if you're a woman, you should definitely mention your newness to the game.  Female craps "virgins" are considered to be extremely lucky and are expected to throw numbers (i.e., make points instead of sevening-out) for a long time.  Upon mentioning that you've never played before, you may see the players start suddenly wagering all kinds of money on the table, and maybe even giving you chips to bet with!  Of course, even if you have played before, you could always say you haven't, just to see the fascinating human spectacle.

Betting Systems

You may see ads for Craps Systems on the Internet or in magazines that purport to show you how to win at craps.  They're all junk.  (Like this one, which was debunked here.)  There is no way to overcome the house edge and put the odds in your favor.  If these systems really worked, the authors would be living on an island with their millions rather than being eager to get your $24.95.  There's more about this in my article on betting systems.

For those who really think they've come up with a winning system and want random craps rolls to test it, see my Craps Rolls Generator.

Beware of electronic craps

Some electronics craps games have substantially worse odds than the real table game.

Practice craps with fake money or real money at Bovada

Practice Online

While you can get a general understanding of the rules from the lesson above, you really won't get a feel for the game until you've played it a few times.  You can practice craps at Bovada with fake money.  It beats going to the casino clueless.

Related articles

• Average Loss Calculator.  Before playing craps (or any casino game), figure out how much you're likely to lose.
• Parody instructions for How to Play Craps.  If you thought the “How to Play Craps” article was confusing, try to follow along on this one.
• The "Come" bet.  I recommend newbies stick to the Pass Line bet, but if you're ready to move on to another bet, this one's also good.
• The "Don't Pass" bet.  This is an interesting craps bet, but people who play it are often considered pariahs.
• Craps Rolls Generator.  For those who want to test their betting system.